Dr Ralf Zwacka Ph.D, BSc., MBA
Contact Details
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Biography:
| University education and early research experience Dr. Ralf Zwacka graduated in 1990 with a B.Sc. (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) from the University of Manchester, UK after having studied Biochemistry first in Berlin (Free University), Germany and then in Manchester. The privilege of studying in two different countries and working in different educational and research systems has been a major experience and has laid the groundwork of his internationally orientated academic career. Trying to combine the best characteristics of each system has been one of his aspirations for his teaching and research efforts. Upon completion of his degree in July 1990, he worked in the Central Research Unit of Roche in Basle, Switzerland for 3 months as part of their internship program for students. With the help of the research staff, he generated several monoclonal antibodies against HIV gp120 and endothelin. The purified antibodies were delivered to the respective research departments at Roche. By being part of this cooperative research environment and by participating in meetings of the different research and development groups, he learned how complex projects are organised and how the interactions of the different participants are managed on a daily basis, but also strategically. For his Ph.D. project he could directly apply the monoclonal antibody technology. Towards the end of his post-graduate work he was invited back to Basle for a seminar. This presentation initiated a collaboration with Dr. Martine Clozel¡¦s group at Roche (now at Actelion, which she co-founded), which resulted in novel insights into the kidney disease mouse model, he was working on, and a peer-reviewed publication. It demonstrated that the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan and the angiotensin converting inhibitor cilazapril had no influence on the high blood pressure in the kidney disease model. Despite the relative short duration of his stay at Roche, the time and experience gained there has been extremely valuable. Hence, early on in his research career he was able to initiate and manage international collaborations and notice the strength of such cooperative efforts. Ph.D. project After completion of the internship at Roche he was offered a Ph.D. position with Prof. Hans Weiher (now at the University for Applied Science Rhein-Bonn-Sieg, Germany) at the Research Centre Karlsruhe, Germany. He started the project ¡§The Human Homologe of the Murine glomerulosclerosis Gene Mpv17¡¨ in December 1990. The project was carried out in cooperation with Dr. Hartmut Land (now at the University of Rochester, USA) from the Cancer Research UK (then ICRF) Institute at Lincoln's Inn Field, London. As both organisations were non-university institutes the Ph.D. was awarded by the Open University, London, UK. During his Ph.D. project he analysed the transgenic mouse strain Mpv17 that develops kidney disease closely resembling the human condition known as nephrotic syndrome, which is a frequent complication of diabetes. He found that the Mpv17 protein localises to peroxisomes and is involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism. He has also shown that the human gene can rescue the murine phenotype and that Matrix-Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is regulated by the Mpv17 protein being one of the first scientists demonstrating regulation of MMPs by oxidative stress and implicating them in degenerative kidney disease. His Ph.D. resulted in 6 peer-reviewed publications, including a seminal paper published in EMBO demonstrating the function of the kidney disease gene Mpv17. It also led to a patent covering the use of Mpv-17 antibodies for diagnostic purposes. As a wind-fall he sold monoclonal antibodies against Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), generated during his project, to Pharmacia. The proceeds were used to support his research work. As mentioned earlier, in recognition of his published work he was invited to present his results at a research seminar at Roche in Basle, Switzerland. Moreover, he was invited to give a short oral presentation at the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) course and conference on Peroxisomes in Dijon, France in 1994 recognising that he and his Ph.D. supervisor had shown a novel link between peroxisomal functions and kidney disorders. In the meantime several other genes with similarities to Mpv17 have been found, which are grouped together in the peroxisomal membrane protein Mpv17 domain family. Post-Doc In 1995, Dr. Zwacka was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania in the Institute for Human Gene Therapy to investigate the role of redox-modulating enzymes (MnSOD, CuZnSOD, Catalase) in liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver and their potential therapeutic use. The results were published in Nature Medicine and were the first example for the experimental use of redox-modulating gene therapy. In recognition of this work I received a Young Investigator Bursary from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) to attend their 33rd annual meeting in Lisbon in 1998. Furthermore, Dr. Zwacka could show that CD4+ T-cells are implicated in the inflammatory response after I/R damage to the liver. This study was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation and has been repeated by other groups for other tissues and organs demonstrating a general principle and opening novel therapeutic avenues not just for hepatic I/R injury, but other disorders involving ischaemia such as stroke or cardiac infarcts. In collaboration with Prof. Joel Greenberger and Dr. Michael Epperly at the University of Pittsburgh he applied the adenoviral gene therapy vectors, that express redox-modulating enzymes, to radioprotection studies of human lung epithelial cells and a mouse model. The results were published in Human Gene Therapy and Gene Therapy. Through a cooperative project with Prof. Larry Oberley and Dr. Ernest Lam from the University of Iowa the redox-gene therapy vectors were used with remarkable success for the treatment of experimental tumours. These studies gave rise to three publications in Cancer Research and other journals. The role of MnSOD in cancer is still under active investigation in Dr. Zwacka¡¦s laboratory (see below). This demonstrates that Dr. Zwacka is able to successfully carry out and manage research projects over longer periods of time in different geographical and organisational settings. Additional collaborations with groups at the University of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, USA addressed the role of redox enzymes in the vascular system and neurons. Altogether, Dr. Zwacka published 16 peer-reviewed papers during his time in Philadelphia and through continued cooperation with the group of Prof. John Engelhardt thereafter. First faculty position Dr. Zwacka returned to the UK to take up a faculty position as a Lecturer in the University of Edinburgh, Department of Oncology in August 1997. This was a fixed term non-clinical lecturer appointment. There he began to transfer the gene therapy technology to the design and development of strategies to combat colorectal cancer: He investigated different novel approaches that were based on adenoviral gene transfer combined with chemo-and immuno-therapy approaches. Strategies pursued include sensitisation of tumour cells to TNF-¿Ñ by inhibition of the NF-¿ÛB-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway and sensitisation to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) by redox-modulating gene therapy. Furthermore, he studied the mechanism behind the chemopreventive activity of Aspirin with special respect to NF-¿ÛB-regulated pathways. The projects yielded two peer-reviewed publications and one review. Dr. Zwacka was invited to present his work at the World Congress of the International Association of Surgeons and Gastroenterologists (IASG) in Athens, Greece in 1998. Furthermore he was provided with the opportunity to give a scientific seminar regarding his work on NF-¿ÛB at Novartis in Basle, Switzerland in 1999. During his time in Edinburgh, he was also able to complete an MBA degree (evening courses) at the prestigious University of Edinburgh Management School. His specialisations included finance, strategic management and innovation management. He wrote a business plan for a small biotech start-up company for his MBA thesis. The additional business training turned out to be extremely useful when Dr. Zwacka and his Ph.D. supervisor Prof. Weiher set up a company in Munich in 2001 with venture capital backing to develop compounds for the treatment of degenerative kidney disease utilising the knowledge generated during his post-graduate project. In addition, Dr. Zwacka was funded by a Scottish Hospital Endowments Research Trust (SHERT) travel fellowship, which allowed the establishment of an active collaboration with Prof. Krishna Fisher, Tulane University in New Orleans, USA (now at GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, USA). Dr. Zwacka¡¦s research was funded by the Melville Trust and a SHERT project grant. Dr. Zwacka participated in the M.Sc. programme for Molecular Medicine through lectures, seminars and lab courses. Dr. Zwacka planed, executed and managed his research projects independently. He learned how to oversee a research budget and gained experience in the recruitment and training of research personnel and post-graduate students. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) excellence programme - Emmy-Noether In 2001 Dr. Zwacka was awarded an Emmy-Noether fellowship from the DFG to set up his research group at the University of Ulm, Germany. The goals of the Emmy-Noether programme are to provide outstanding researchers with the opportunity to rapidly qualify for a leading position in science by leading an Independent Junior Research Group and assuming relevant teaching duties. With help from the Emmy-Noether funding, Dr. Zwacka established an active and dynamic research group, currently consisting of 2 postdoctoral scientists, 2 postgraduate students and a technician working on the molecular mechanisms of drug induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer, the redox-regulation of signal transduction pathways in tumours, and potential gene therapy approaches. His group studied the mechanisms behind the anti-proliferative effects on MnSOD, and have found that it causes p53-dependent senescence. This study is described in a recently published manuscript in Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB). Furthermore, the group focused on the potential application of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for the treatment of colorectal cancer. This approach will continue to be the focal point of Dr. Zwacka¡¦s, for which the groundwork as been laid and documented in a publication in Gene Therapy in 2004. Beyond the translational research, he was interested in the molecular pathways targeted in these approaches. In particular, his group studies the molecular determinants of 5-FU and TRAIL resistance in colon cancer with special regard to the function of the transcription factor NF-¿ÛB. In collaboration with the department of Prof. Klaus-Michael Debatin he has also contributed to research and publications describing apoptosis mechanisms in haematopoietic stem cells and several different tumour types. Dr. Zwacka provided viral vector expertise, which were used in the form of lentiviral and adenoviral vectors in the described projects both published in the journal Oncogene. He also contributed to the development of a combined apoptosis/cell-cycle assay published in Cell Death & Differentiation. Overall, his group in Ulm published 5 research papers and 1 review article (2 additional research papers are currently in revision and one paper has been submitted for publication, one invited review article on gene therapeutic approaches for colon cancer is currently in preparation). In addition, he contributed 6 book chapters to a new text book on Molecular Biotechnology published by Wiley-VCH in Germany. He was invited to the University of Leipzig, the National University of Ireland and GlaxoSmithKline to present his work Dr. Zwacka has received funding from the DFG, the Landesstiftung Baden-Wuerttemberg as a member of a local research cluster on NF-¿ÛB, and an industrial partner. In Ulm Dr. Zwacka further strengthened his independent research profile and continued to develop his teaching expertise. He was involved in the biochemistry training of medical students through seminars and practical classes. Lectureship at the National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES) Since June 2005 Dr. Zwacka has been working at the National University of Ireland Galway in Ireland. While he continuous to pursue the research projects initiated in Ulm, he has also started to expand his research endeavours involving the use of adult stem cells in experimental gene-cell therapy approaches. The first results setting the stage for these experiments have been successfully carried out. The group in Galway is currently comprised of a Post-Doctoral scientist and an M.D. student support by a start-up package. The Post-Doctoral scientist has been recruited from another department in Ulm. She provides expertise in stem cell biology, apoptosis research and FACS analysis and sorting. The group and work in Ulm is still active until Mid-2006. Support through the Excellence grant would allow the described expansion of research while smoothly transitioning researchers and their expertise from Germany to the new laboratory in Ireland, thereby providing the necessary continuity to successfully carry on with projects from the Ulm, while also embarking on new, exciting research ventures as described in the present research proposal. Entrepreneurial experience In 2001 he co-founded a biotech start-up company. The company GTX Pharmaceuticals, located in Munich, Germany, has received first-round financing from the Technolgiebeteiligungsgesellschaft (tbg). The business plan of GTX Pharmaceuticals received prizes at two independent business plan competitions. The goal of the company is to develop and market therapies for degenerative kidney disorders, which are currently pursued with two ¡§big-pharma¡¨ partners. |
Peer Reviewed Journals
| Karasawa M, Zwacka RM, Reuter A, Fink T, Hsieh CL, Lichter P, Francke U, Weiher H (1993) 'The human homolog of the glomerulosclerosis gene Mpv17: structure and genomic organization'. HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, 2 :1829-1834. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Reuter A, Pfaff E, Moll J, Gorgas K, Karasawa M, Weiher H (1994) 'glomerulosclerosis gene Mpv17 encodes a peroxisomal protein producing reactive oxygen species'. EMBO JOURNAL, 13 :5129-5134. [Details] |
| Schenkel J, Zwacka RM, Rutenberg C, Reuter A, Waldherr R, Weiher H. (1995) 'Functional rescue of the glomerulosclerosis phenotype in Mpv17 mice by transgenesis with the human Mpv17 homologue'. 48 :80-84. [Details] |
| Muller M, Smolders JW, Meyer zum Gottesberge AM, Reuter A, Zwacka RM, Weiher H, Klinke R. (1997) 'Loss of auditory function in transgenic Mpv17-deficient mice'. 114 :259-263. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Zhang Y, Halldorson J, Schlossberg H, Dudus L, Engelhardt JF (1997) 'CD4(+) T-lymphocytes mediate ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses in mouse liver'. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, 100 :279-289. [Details] |
| Lam EW, Zwacka R, Engelhardt JF, Davidson BL, Domann FE, Yan T, Oberley LW (1997) 'Adenovirus-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase gene transfer to hamster cheek pouch carcinoma cells'. CANCER RESEARCH, 57 :5550-5556. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Halldorson J, Engelhardt JF (1998) 'Ischemia/reperfusion injury in the liver of BALB/c mice activates AP-1 and nuclear factor kappaB independently of IkappaB degradation'. HEPATOLOGY, 28 :1022-1030. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Darby CJ, Dudus L, Halldorson J, Oberley L, Engelhardt JF. Redox (1998) 'gene therapy for ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver reduces AP1 and NF-kappaB activation'. NAT MEDICINE, 4 :698-704. [Details] |
| Woo YJ, Zhang JC, Vijayasarathy C, Zwacka RM, Englehardt JF, Gardner TJ, Sweeney HL. (1998) 'Recombinant adenovirus-mediated cardiac gene transfer of superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuates postischemic contractile dysfunction'. CIRCULATION, 98 :II255-II260. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Dunlop MG (1998) 'Gene therapy for colon cancer'. 12 :595-615. [Details] |
| Gonzalez-Zulueta M, Ensz LM, Mukhina G, Lebovitz RM, Zwacka RM, Engelhardt JF, Oberley LW, Dawson VL, Dawson TM (1998) 'Manganese superoxide dismutase protects nNOS neurons from NMDA and nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity'. 18 :2040-2055. [Details] |
| Epperly M, Bray J, Kraeger S, Zwacka R, Engelhardt J, Travis E, Greenberger J. (1998) 'Prevention of late effects of irradiation lung damage by manganese superoxide dismutase gene therapy'. 5 :196-208. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Dudus L, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Engelhardt JF (1998) 'Redox gene therapy protects human IB-3 lung epithelial cells against ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis'. 9 :1381-1386. [Details] |
| Reuter A, Nestl A, Zwacka RM, Tuckermann J, Waldherr R, Wagner EM, Hoyhtya M, Meyer zum Gottesberge AM, Angel P, Weiher H (1998) 'Expression of the recessive glomerulosclerosis gene Mpv17 regulates MMP-2 expression in fibroblasts, the kidney, and the inner ear of mice'. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, 9 :1675-1682. [Details] |
| Fang X, Weintraub NL, Rios CD, Chappell DA, Zwacka RM, Engelhardt JF, Oberley LW, Yan T, Heistad DD, Spector AA (1998) 'Overexpression of human superoxide dismutase inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by endothelial cells'. 82 :1289-1297. [Details] |
| Clozel M, Hess P, Fischli W, Loffler BM, Zwacka RM, Reuter A, Weiher H. (1999) 'Age-dependent hypertension in Mpv17-deficient mice, a transgenic model of glomerulosclerosis and inner ear disease'. 34 :1007-1015. [Details] |
| Lam EW, Zwacka R, Seftor EA, Nieva DR, Davidson BL, Engelhardt JF, Hendrix MJ, Oberley LW (1999) 'Effects of antioxidant enzyme overexpression on the invasive phenotype of hamster cheek pouch carcinoma cells'. FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 27 :572-579. [Details] |
| Epperly MW, Bray JA, Krager S, Berry LM, Gooding W, Engelhardt JF, Zwacka R, Travis EL, Greenberger JS (1999) 'Intratracheal injection of adenovirus containing the human MnSOD transgene protects athymic nude mice from irradiation-induced organizing alveolitis'. 43 :169-181. [Details] |
| Fan C, Zwacka RM, Engelhardt JF (1999) 'Therapeutic approaches for ischemia/reperfusion injury in the liver'. 77 :577-592. [Details] |
| Brown MR, Miller FJ, Li WG, Ellingson AN, Mozena JD, Chatterjee P, Engelhardt JF, Zwacka RM, Oberley LW, Fang X, Spector AA, Weintraub NL (1999) 'Overexpression of human catalase inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells'. 85 :524-533. [Details] |
| Lam EW, Hammad HM, Zwacka R, Darby CJ, Baumgardner KR, Davidson BL, Oberley TD, Engelhardt JF, Oberley LW (2000) 'Immunolocalization and adenoviral vector-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase gene transfer to experimental oral tumours'. J DENTAL RESEARCH, 79 :1410-1417. [Details] |
| Zwacka RM, Stark L, Dunlop MG (2000) 'NF-kappaB kinetics predetermine TNF-alpha sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells'. 2 :334-343. [Details] |
| Fritz E, Friedl AA, Zwacka RM, Eckardt-Schupp F, Meyn MS (2000) 'The yeast TEL1 gene partially substitutes for human ATM in suppressing hyperrecombination, radiation-induced apoptosis and telomere shortening in A-T cells'. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, 11 :2605-2616. [Details] |
| Zanetti M, Zwacka R, Engelhardt J, Katusic Z, O'Brien T. (2001) 'Superoxide anions and endothelial cell proliferation in normoglycemia and hyperglycemia'. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY, 21 :195-200. [Details] |
| Zhou W, Zhang Y, Hosch MS, Lang A, Zwacka RM, Engelhardt JF (2001) 'Subcellular site of superoxide dismutase expression differentially controls AP-1 activity and injury in mouse liver following ischemia/reperfusion'. HEPATOLOGY, 33 :902-914. [Details] |
| Stark LA, Din FV, Zwacka RM, Dunlop MG (2001) 'Aspirin-induced activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway: a novel mechanism for aspirin-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells'. FASEB JOURNAL, 15 :1273-1275. [Details] |
| Behrend L, Henderson G, Zwacka RM (2003) 'Reactive oxygen species in oncogenic transformation'. BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS, 31 :1441-1444. [Details] |
| Mohr A, Zwacka RM, Debatin KM, Stahnke K (2004) 'A novel method for the combined flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle and cytochrome c release'. CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION, 11 :153-154. [Details] |
| Mohr A, Henderson G, Dudus L, Herr I, Kuerschner T, Debatin K-M, Weiher H, Fisher K, Zwacka RM (2004) 'AAV-encoded expression of TRAIL in experimental human colorectal cancer leads to tumour regression'. Gene Therapy, 11 :535-545. [Details] |
| Mohr A, Zwacka RM, Jarmy G, Büneker C, Schrezenmeier H, Döhner K, Beltinger C, Wiesneth M, Debatin K-M, Stahnke K. (2005) 'Caspase-8L expression protects CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and leukemic cells from CD95-mediated apoptosis'. ONCOGENE, 24 :2421-2429. [Details] |
| Behrend L, Mohr A, Dick T, Zwacka R (2005) 'MnSOD induces p53-dependent senescence in colorectal cancer cells'. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, 25 :7758-7769. [DOI] [Details] |
| Kasperczyk H, La Ferla-Brühl K, Westhoff MA, Behrend L, Zwacka RM, Debatin K-M, Fulda S. (2005) 'Betulinic acid as new activator of NF-kB: Molecular mechanisms and implications for cancer therapy'. ONCOGENE, 24 :6945-6956. [Details] |
| Braeuer SJ, Buneker C, Mohr A, Zwacka RM (2006) 'Constitutively activated nuclear factor-kappaB, but not induced NF-kappaB, leads to TRAIL resistance by up-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in human cancer cells'. Molecular Cancer Research, 4 :715-728. [Details] |
| Mohr A, Zwacka RM (2007) 'In situ trapping of initiator caspases reveals intermediate surprises'. Cell Biology International, 31 :526-530. [Details] |
| Weiher H, Zwacka RM. (2007) 'Vitamin D3-24-Hydroxylase (CYP24) as a Potential Target for Intervention with Diabetic and Nondiabetic Nephropathy Clin Lab'. 53 :85-88. [Details] |
| La Ferla-Bruhl K, Westhoff MA, Karl S, Kasperczyk H, Zwacka RM, Debatin KM, Fulda S. NF-kappaB (2007) 'independent sensitization of glioblastoma cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis by proteasome inhibition'. ONCOGENE, 26 :571-582. [Details] |
| Mohr A, Lyons M, Mohr W, Zwacka RM (2007) 'Gene therapy strategies for colorectal cancer'. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 132 :567-570. [Details] |
| Mohr A, Lyons M, Deedigan L, Harte T, Shaw G, Howard L, Barry F, O'Brien T, Zwacka R. (2008) 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells expressing TRAIL lead to tumour growth inhibition in an experimental lung cancer model'. Journal Of Cellular And Molecular Medicine, 12 :2628-2643. [Details] |
| Mohr, A,Buneker, C,Gough, RP,Zwacka, RM (2008) 'MnSOD protects colorectal cancer cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Smac/DIABLO release'. Oncogene, 27 :763-774. [DOI] [Details] |
| Murray TV, McMahon JM, Howley BA, Stanley A, Ritter T, Mohr A, Zwacka R, Fearnhead HO (2008) 'A non-apoptotic role for caspase-9 in muscle differentiation'. Journal Of Cell Science, 121 :3786-3793. [Details] |
| Büneker C, Mohr A, Zwacka RM (2009) 'The TRAIL-Receptor-1:TRAIL-Receptor-3 & -4 ratio is a predictor for TRAIL sensitivity of cancer cells'. Oncology Reports, 21 :1289-1295. [Details] |
| Richard Jäger and Ralf M. Zwacka (2010) 'The Enigmatic Roles of Caspases in Tumor Development'. Cancers, . [Details] |
| Mohr A, Albarenque SM, Deedigan L, Yu R, Reidy M, Fulda S, Zwacka RM. (2010) 'Targeting of XIAP combined with systemic mesenchymal stem cell-mediated delivery of sTRAIL ligand inhibits metastatic growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells'. Stem Cells, . [Details] |
| Stadel D, Mohr A, Ref C, MacFarlane M, Zhou S, Humphreys R, Bachem M, Cohen G, Möller P, Zwacka RM, Debatin KM, Fulda S. (2010) 'TRAIL-induced apoptosis is preferentially mediated via TRAIL receptor 1 in pancreatic carcinoma cells and profoundly enhanced by XIAP inhibitors'. Clinical Cancer Research, . [Details] |
| Albarenque SM, Zwacka RM, Mohr A. (2011) 'Both human and mouse mesenchymal stem cells promote breast cancer metastasis'. Stem Cell Research, . [Details] |
| Büneker CK, Yu R, Deedigan L, Mohr A, Zwacka RM. (2012) 'IFN-γ combined with targeting of XIAP leads to increased apoptosis-sensitisation of TRAIL resistant pancreatic carcinoma cells'. Cancer Letters, . [Details] |
Abstract
| Zwacka, R,Bueneker, C,Deedigan, L,Mohr, A (2008) GENE AND STEM CELL CANCER THERAPY USING TRAIL. Abstract [Details] |
| Zwacka, R,Deedigan, L,Courtete, J,Yu, R,Mohr, A (2009) Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular delivery vehicle of soluble TRAIL in human cancer models. Abstract [Details] |